Definition

Let be an integral domain. is a multiplicative subset. In this case, the localization is called the field of fractions of .

This really is a field

Consider elements . By definition, if for some . Thus, since , and is an integral domain then either or is . Hence, is an integral domain. Now we can show that every non-zero element has an inverse. Consider such that for . Then,

so and we know that since . Therefore, is a field so the nomenclature is reasonable.

Examples

General field

For let be a field, we take . Now for any element , we can note that since

we can take . Therefore, we can identify , which makes sense, since is already a field, so it already has all the units it needs.

Integers

For , note that are elements (equivalence classes) of the form for for . This is the same as the definition for the rationals, .